Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev faib tawm ntawm Polyester Fibers: Los ntawm Molecular Structure rau Textile Technology

1. Paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Raws li cov neeg siv khoom, thaum xaiv cov khoom siv ntaub, lawv feem ntau ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntaub los ntawm kev kov nws nrog lawv txhais tes thiab saib nws. Piv txwv li: Lun-spun txhob lo lo ntxhuav muaj ci ntsa iab, hnov ​​​​me ntsis ntxhib thiab tawv, thiab muaj lub siab zoo. Yog tias koj tuav nws nruj nrog koj txhais tes thiab tso nws, nws yuav muaj wrinkles ntau dua. Tseem yuav muaj kab tom qab nws flattened. Tshem daim ntaub thiab moisten nws nrog koj tus nplaig. Nws yuav ncaj thiab yooj yim rub. Tawg, tawg, thiab muaj qhov sib txawv elasticity thaum ntub los yog qhuav. Polyester imitation paj rwb ntaub.

Nws tsis yooj yim rau wick tawm hws, muaj lub siab prickly rau qhov kov, thiab yooj yim tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv paj rwb muaj qhov muag, xis nyob thiab hws-absorbent. Muaj ntau yam khoom. Raws li tus kws kho mob uas tsis koom nrog kev tshuaj xyuas textile, nws nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm fiber ntau los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov muag. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev qhia qhov muag liab qab tsuas yog siv rau kev siv xwb. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov hom fiber ntau, xav tau cov hauv qab no.

2. Txoj kev combustion. Txoj kev combustion yog txoj kev txheeb xyuas fiber ntau. Piv nrog rau kev kuaj tshuaj reagent, nws yooj yim dua thiab ua tau yooj yim dua. Piv nrog rau qhov muag liab qab kev soj ntsuam, nws muaj kev txheeb xyuas ntau dua, tab sis lub ntsiab lus yog tias koj yuav tsum paub lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov fiber ntau. Cov khoom kub kub ntawm polyester yog: ze rau cov nplaim taws - softening, melting thiab shrinking, nyob rau hauv nplaim taws - melting, qeeb burning, xim xim, xiav ntug nplaim, dub pa luam yeeb los ntawm saum nplaim nplaim, qhib nplaim taws - mus txuas ntxiv mus. hlawv, qee zaum nres hlawv Thiab kev puas tsuaj rau tus kheej. Hlawv tsw ~ me ntsis aromatic los yog qab zib. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov seem - cov tshauv yog tawv thiab dub nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub pob, nyuaj rau crush nrog ntiv tes.

3. Microscopic soj ntsuam txoj kev. Lub cross-sectional duab ntawm polyester yog tsis pom zoo heev vim hais tias nws zoo ib yam li lwm yam tshuaj fibers. Cov hlais yog txawv nyob ntawm txoj kev spinning. Lub longitudinal nto yog feem ntau du. Txawm li cas los xij, cov fibers uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau yooj yim los ntawm kev soj ntsuam microscopic yog paj rwb fibers. Txij li cov paj rwb fibers yog cov fibers ntuj nrog lub duav-cim hla ntu, paj rwb fibers tuaj yeem yooj yim paub qhov txawv ntawm lub tshuab tsom.

4. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj hnyav. Nylon yuav tsis yaj thaum boiled nyob rau hauv glacial acetic acid, thaum nylon yuav ploj.

5. Txoj kev dyeing. Polyester tsis yooj yim rau zas, yog li koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov xim dyes thiab lwm cov fibers rau kev sib piv. Ntawm no peb xav piav qhia txog ob lub reagents uas nquag siv hauv kev txheeb xyuas fiber ntau: No. 1 dye thiab iodine-potassium iodide reagent. No. 1 dye dyes polyester hauv liab, tab sis iodine-potassium iodide reagent tsis dye nws.

6. Infrared spectroscopy. Cov molecular muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm fiber ntau tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ntsuas nws pawg tshuaj, thiab yog li hom fiber ntau nws yog dab tsi.
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