Dab tsi yog polyamide xov yog dab tsi?

Polyamide Xov Paj, lub pobzeb, cov khoom siv niaj hnub thiab muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tau ua qhov kev pom zoo rov qab los ntawm nws lub tswv yim. Dav pom tau rau nws lub zog, durability, thiab versatility, polyamide xov paj tau pom cov ntawv thov hauv kev siv zog - Cov Cuab Yeej Siv Nyiaj Txiag. Kom txaus siab rau nws cov khoom thiab muaj peev xwm, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom nkag siab nws cov lus thiab cov khoom siv raw uas mus rau hauv nws ntau lawm.

Petrochemical Keeb Kwm

Lub tsev tsim los ntawm roj av

Polyamide Xov Pajyog feem ntau muab tau los ntawm petrochemicals. Roj av, ib txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm hydrocarbons, ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom siv rau cov monomers siv hauv synthesis. Cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo dua ntawm roj av tawg cia ntev - saw hydrocarbons ua me me, cov khoom siv tau ntau dua. Ntawm cov no, tej yam sib xyaw xws li benzene, toluene, thiab xylene yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom polyamide.

Piv txwv li Benzene, piv txwv li, yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, Benzene tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau hauv cyclohexane. Qhov kev hloov dua siab tshiab no yog feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm hydrogenation cov txheej txheem, qhov twg cov roj hydrogenation ntxiv rau benzene nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm catalyst. Lub cyclohexane yog tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv ua tiav kom tau txais adipic acid, ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb heev Monomers rau polyamide 6,6.

Ntau Lawm ntawm Monomers

Adipic Acid Ntau Lawm

Adipic acid yog tsim nyob rau ntawm lub ntsuas loj los ntawm oxidation ntawm cyclohexane. Hauv cov txheej txheem muaj kev muaj, cyclohexane yog thawj oxidized nrog huab cua nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm catalyst, feem ntau yog cobalt - raws catalyst. Qhov kev tawm tsam oxidation no tau ua rau kev tsim ntawm cyclohexanol thiab cyclohexanone, uas yog tom qab ntawd oxidized rau adipic acid. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem raug sawv cev raws li hauv qab no:

Kev tsim cov khoom tshiab ntawm cov adipic acid yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua, ua kom tiav cov qoob loo siab, kom ua tiav cov lus zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb.

ZUS TAU TEJ COV KHAU

Rau polyamide 6,6, lwm tus tseem ceeb monomer yog hexoothylenediamine. Qhov kev sib koom no yog feem ntau ua los ntawm Adiponiturile, uas tuaj yeem suav tau los ntawm Butadiene, lwm cov tsiaj txhu petrochemical. Butadiene reacts nrog hydrogen cyanide nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem hu ua hydrocyanation los ua adiponitrile. Tus adiponitrile yog ces hydrogenated los tsim cov nyom hexamethylenediamine. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj raws li nram no:

Cov lus hauv qab no sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm petrochemical - doldiving monomers thiab lawv txoj kev ntau lawm rau polyamide 6,6:

Mlom	Pib petrochemical	Cov kauj ruam ntau lawm
Adipic acid	Benzene (ntawm cyclohexane)	Oxidation ntawm cyclohexanol / cyclohexanone, ua raws los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv mus rau adipic acid
Hexametylenediammine	Butadiene (ntawm adiponitrile)	Hydrocyanation ntawm Butadiene rau Adiponiturile, ces hydrogenation ntawm adiponitrile

 

 

Polyamide 6 - ib tug sib txawv monomer qhov chaw

Caprolactam li tus monomer

Polyamide 6 muaj qhov sib txawv monomer tau piv rau polyamide 6,6. Nws yog tsim los ntawm caprolactam. Caprolactam tuaj yeem ua tau zoo los ntawm cyclohexanone, uas, raws li tau hais ua ntej, yog nruab nrab hauv kev tsim cov adipic acid. Cyclohexananone yog thawj zaug hloov dua siab tshiab rau cyclohexanone oxime los ntawm kev tawm tsam nrog hydroxylamine. Lub cyclohexanone tom qab ntawd undergoes txoj kev hloov rov qab, hu ua beckmann rov qab, nyob rau hauv muaj cov acid catalystamst los tsim caprolactam. Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj raws li nram no:

Thaum caprolactam tau tau, nws tuaj yeem yog polymerized los ua polyamide 6. Tus txheej txheem polymerizes cuam tshuam thiab sib sau ntev - saw polymers. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm lub nplhaib - qhib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization, feem ntau tau nqa ntawm cov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv ib tug catalyst.

Sib piv nrog Polyamide 6,6

Cov lus hauv qab no piv rau monomer cov chaw thiab qee cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm polyamide 6 thiab polyamide 6,6:

Polyamide hom	Monomer Qhov	Cov Khoom Uas General
Polyamide 6	Caprolactam	Kev coj zoo ua tsis kam, siab elasticity, kuj tseem ras kev nqus dej noo
Polyamide 6,6	Adipic acid thiab hexamethylenediamine	Ntau dua Melting taw tes, zoo dua tshuaj tsis kam nyob rau hauv qee kis, zoo tensile lub zog

 

Ntxiv thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv Pyyamide Xov Paj Sib Tw

Stabilizers

Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ruaj ntseg ntawm polyamide xov thaum lub sijhawm ua thiab hauv nws qhov kawg - siv daim ntawv thov, ntau yam stabilizers tau ntxiv. Cua sov stabilizers, xws li qee cov roj av hlau thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant, yog siv los tiv thaiv kev ua kom muaj kev tsis yeem ntawm cov polyamide polymer thaum lub sijhawm kub thiab txias. Ultraviolet (UV) Stabilizers tau ntxiv los tiv thaiv polyamide xov los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hnub ci. UV hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua cov saw hlau txuas rau hauv cov polymer, ua rau txo qis hauv cov tshuab tshuab. Los ntawm kev ntxiv UV Stabilizers, cov xov paj tuaj yeem tswj nws txoj kev ncaj ncees thaum raug rau cov mob sab nraum zoov.

Tej roj qeeb

Lubricants ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm polyamide xovs. Thaum tig, cov polymer yaj xav tau ntws khov kho los ntawm cov spinnerets. Lubricalts txo kev sib txhuam ntawm cov polymer thiab cov huab cua spinneret, ua kom muaj kev sib xws thiab sib txawv extrusion ntawm cov xov paj. Ib qho ntxiv, cov roj nplua nyeem tuaj yeem txhim kho sab hauv cov xov paj, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua ntxiv nrog kev ua ntxiv xws li tab tom ntiav lossis xaws. Cov roj txhoov siv rau hauv xov tooj cua polyamide muaj ntau lawm suav nrog cov rog ua kom muaj roj ntsha esters thiab waxes.

Pigments thiab dyes

Rau cov xim polyamide xov, pigments los yog dyes ntxiv. Pigments yog cov xim insoluble uas tau tawg hauv cov polymer matrix. Lawv muab cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo heev thiab feem ntau siv rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum muaj cov xim ruaj khov yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, xws li nyob rau sab nraum zoov textiles. Dyes, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog soluble hauv cov polymer lossis hauv cov kuab tshuaj thiab tuaj yeem nkag rau cov qauv fiber ntau. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim cov kev ua kom zoo thiab cov xim sib dhos hauv cov ntawv thov textile. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm pigments thiab dyes nyob ntawm cov khoom xws li siv xim siv, xim yuav tsum tau ua, thiab txoj kev ua ntawm cov xov paj polyamide.

Nplaim taws retardants

Hauv cov ntawv thov uas hluav taws yog kev txhawj xeeb, xws li hauv kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm thiab rooj tog zaum hauv tsev, nplaim taws retardants ntxiv rau polyamide xov. Nplaim taws retardants ua hauj lwm los ntawm cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm polymer. Lawv tuaj yeem ua raws li ntau txoj hauv kev, xws li kev tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawm cov pa tawm ntawm cov pa roj hlawv, lossis inhibiting dawb - radical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm sib txuas. Cov nplaim hluav taws retardants siv hauv polyamide xov suav nrog halogen - raws li cov tebchaw - raws phosphorus - raws li cov sib txuas, thiab hlau hydroxides. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv - raws li cov nplaim hluav taws xob rau kev siv ntau ib puag ncig zoo ib puag ncig ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntau ntxiv ib puag ncig, xws li phosphorus - raws cov nplaim hluav taws.

 

Rov qab thiab muaj kev ruaj khov

Recycling Polyamide Xov Paj

Nrog kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev ceev, kev rov qab ua dua tshiab ntawm cov xov paj polyamide tau txais qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Kev Tshaj Tawm - Cov khoom lag luam Polyamide cov khoom lag luam, xws li siv cov ris tsho thiab cov khib nyiab, tuaj yeem rov ua haujlwm los ua cov xov paj tshiab ntawm cov xov xwm tshiab. Tus txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg kho mob thiab cov qauv siv tshuaj. Hauv cov khoom siv tshuab hluav taws xob, cov khoom lag luam polyamide yog shredded, ntxuav, thiab melted kom tsim cov pellets uas tuaj yeem yog cov xov paj. Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom zem, ntawm qhov tod tes, koom nrog ua kom tawg rau hauv nws cov monomers lossis oligomers los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li hydrolysis lossis aminolysis. Cov Monomers no tuaj yeem ua kom huv thiab siv los ua ke nrog cov polyamide tshiab.

Kev Hais Ntau Yam

Ntxiv rau ntxiv rau kev rov ua dua tshiab, kev siv zog tau ua los tsim cov khoom noj kom muaj kev txhawb nqa rau cov khoom siv roj polyamide. Ib txoj hauv kev yog siv BIO - raws monomers. Piv txwv li, muaj kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev txhim kho los tsim cov adipic acid los ntawm cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv xws li biomass. Qee cov tuam txhab tau tshawb txog kev siv cov microorganisms rau ferment suab thaj muab tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau hauv adipic acid. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj kev sim ua cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm BIO - raws li cov peev txheej. Los ntawm kev siv cov khoom noj khoom haus kom muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom noj muaj kev sib tw ntawm polyamide

 

Tag

Polyamide xov yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm petrochemical - doldiving monomers, ntxiv monomers, ntxiv, thiab qee yam, rov siv dua lossis siv cov khoom noj khoom haus. Cov txheej txheem ua synthesis, pib los ntawm kev kho cov roj av rau kev tsim cov monomers thiab ntxiv rau ntau yam ntxiv nrog ntau yam ntawm cov khoom. Nkag siab cov lus sib xyaw ntawm polyamide xov yog tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov khoom lag luam ua tau zoo tab sis muaj kev lag luam kom txiav txim siab txog nws siv. Raws li kev lag luam txuas ntxiv hloov zuj zus mus rau cov kev coj ua ntau dua, kev txhim kho monomer txhua qhov tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov xov xwm polyamide.